Gender differences in population-based prevalences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Chile: are men being under-diagnosed?
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the biggest killer worldwide. Chile has a long standing CVD preventive system, but no gender-focused study has been conducted so far. The purpose of this study was to analyse the existence of gender differences in the prevalence of CVD in Chile. This was a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional Chilean Health Survey 2009- 2010, including 5277 adult participants.Â
Method: The relationship between CVDs and gender, crude and adjusted by potential confounders, were estimated by weighted Poisson regressions.
Results and discussion: Crude overall prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 28.13% and it was significantly lower in men (10.92%) than women (17.20%). Half of the population were overweight/obese (39.20%/22.92%) and alcohol consumption in the past month was high (58.42%). Around 40.19% currently smoke. Gender was significantly associated with hypertensions (PR 1.58, 95% CI [1.23-2.03]) as well as having public healthcare insurance (PR1.45, 95% CI [1.01-2.10]).
Conclusion: The results suggest that men reported hypertension less often than women, but comparisons with objective measures suggested they were under-diagnosed. These discrepancies need further consideration in preventive programmes and gender-focused policies in Chile. Nurses and other health professionals are key in creating, implementing and evaluating novel recruitment strategies for men.
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